THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHARIS SATCHET WATER IN ENUGU METROPOLIS
(A CASE STUDY OF EJ COLLINCE COMPANY)
Abstract
          This research work is mainly on effectiveness of physical distribution of Chris sachet Water in Enugu metropolis. The data needed for this study was collected from employees, consumers of Charis sachet water.
          The objective is to find out if their products have very wide demand within Enugu metropolis. To determine the rate of satisfaction of consumers with the present level of physical distribution and to know if their product reaches the consumers at the worked for. The research methodology employed were questionnaires and observation of how physical distribution are implemented.
          In addition, various statistical models like Top man formular and Z test techniques were used in calculating the sample size and testing of the hypothesis respectively.
          From the analysis of the data obtained it was discovered that Charis sachet water have very wide demand within Enugu Metropolis that dealers are not satisfied with the present level of physical distribution service they receiving, products are not distributed to very point where they are needed at the right time and quantity and that they receive complaints from customer with this it was recommended that Charis sachet water should increase their product quantity for greater market share, improve physical distribution by providing enough product at the right time and right quantity and customer oriented.
          Based on the findings, and the various facts highlighted, the following where recommended.
1.           Product high quality should be maintained for continual greater market share.
2.           In view of the fact that the initial problem of the company is finding capable distribution outlets, the company should engages more on intensive physical distribution system so that the numerous customers are adequately reached.
3.           The company should also try as much as possible to stop renting if this is implemented the warehousing (depot) facilities must be satisfactory
4.           The company should provide more storage facilities to customers and Kiosks to every customer in order to increase sales.
5.           The sales truck should serviced more often to avoid break down to enable it render adequate interrupted delivery service and this will minimize complaints from customers.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE:   INTRODUCTION
1.1        Background of the study
1.2        Historical background of the company
1.3        Statement of the study
1.4        Objective of the study
1.5        Significance of the study
1.6        Limitation of the study
1.7        Research questions
1.8        Setting of hypothesis
1.9        Definition of terms
 CHAPTER TWO:            REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
2.1        Meaning of physical distribution
2.2        Nature of physical distribution
2.3        Overview of physical distribution
2.4        The growth and development of sachet water
2.5        Concept of physical distribution
2.6        Activities involved in physical distribution
2.7        Physical distribution in Enugu
2.8        Importance of physical distribution
 CHAPTER THREE
3.1        Scope of the study
3.2        Source of data
3.2.1           The primary data
3.2.2           The secondary data
3.3        Questionnaire design
3.4        Determination of sample
3.4.1           To obtain probability of success and failure
3.5        Questionnaire completion time
3.6        Questionnaire allocation and sample size
3.7        Reliability test
3.8        Method of analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, ANALYSIS OF DATA AND TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
4.1        Distribution and collection of questionnaire for  
Employees.
 CHAPTER FIVE:            SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.
        Summary of findings
        Conclusion
        Recommendation
      Bibliography
          References
          CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Production is uncompleted until the good get to the final consumer whom they are meant.  A typical firm will deliver or discover that the consumer for its products are scattered abroad.
The firm decision to distribute its products directly through own sales outlets or indirectly through marketing intermediaries such as wholesale and retailers alone is not enough to get the goods to the consumers. The firm has to ensure that the product are actually available or make available to the distribution at lets.
Adequate core has to be taken of the products minimize losses or damages, and commensurate customer service have to be given in order to achieve customer satisfaction and increase patronage.
In order management of the flow of products from manufacturer to consumer with aim to achieve consumer satisfaction and goal of the firm, physical distribution must be properly channeled to this respect. The increase emphasis given to the concept of the 1950,s is a practical example of its immense contribution to the successful achievement of marketing goals. Physical distribution is just how companies store; handle more goods so that they will be available to consumers at the right time and place.
Consumers attraction and satisfaction are highly influence by the seller physical distribution capabilities. As such the issue of physical distribution is important in business endeavour. An executive physical distribution which result to a reduction in cost of physical distribution will lead to a reduction in production cost or product price, which will invariably head to the attraction of many price conscious consumers.
In Nigeria and as well as most other nations, industries are localized or concentrated in few industrial cities or layout wile the consumers or their products are scattered abroad.
Efficient transportation and location of sales outlets will enable industries to make their products available to consumer living very far. Efficient transportation and physical can give a company advantage in being close to these consumers.
For example, vita malt drinks produced by Associated Breweries Ltd. In Ogun State of Nigeria compete favourably with other malt drinks in virtually all ports of the country as a result of the efficient planning and coordination of physical distribution activities which make goods available at the right place and time or where right place and needed.
Expert believe that substantial savings can be gain in the physical distribution area which has been describe as “the last frontier for cost economics” (Journal of marketing April 1962:15)
Physical distribution in the sachet industries should be intensive they should stock their products in as outlet are possible. The goals must have place utility. Cigarette for example, since over one million outlets to maximized brand exposure and convenience.
Physical distribution should be intensive because consumers are not efficient distribution of the product is very important to gain marketing goals and to compete efficiently and effectively too.
 1.2       HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY
Charis sachet water industry one of the leading name in sachet water industry in Enugu Metropolis. The company is located in heart of the commercial city of Enugu J.E Collince company was establishes over a decades with improved capacity physical distribution of their products.
The company has so many distribution outlets and target geographical areas. The J.E. Collince the makers of Charis sachet water was among the largest sale sachet water in the industry in Enugu.
The profitability and success of the company can be clearly traced as they are heavily patronized in the competitive business.
The company is located in heart of Enugu metropolis (River Asata layout). The company have a brand name Charis water which the production site is in No. 3 Mildland Avenue, Asata River layout Enugu.
1.3       STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Physical distribution is a very important aspect of distribution activity as it creates place and time utility and set the stage for possession and title utility. All gained towards customers satisfaction.
Based on this therefore, there is need for a careful handling of the physical distribution functions for a successful operation of sachet water industries.
          However, for Nigeria sachet water industries physical distribution system to beat lest near perfection. It must rate highly in its care activities such as transportation, warehousing, inventory management, and others.
          Processing also have the ability to organize these price of activities properly and implement them efficiently and effectively, at time the salesman are not efficient in carrying out their physical distribution activities.
          More so, the salesmen arbitrarily raise the cost of each buy of sachet water sold to intermediary, market thus reducing their margin some times the degree of the wholesalers margin affect the final customers. In some cases, the customers do not get enough of the products at the right time and in the right quality.
          In the case of Charis sachet water industry they don’t have enough outlets for their product. Nevertheless, for them to compete effectively and efficiently with other sachet water company’s they need to have enough outlets for their products.
          In most cases, the salesman direct some products already allocated to the company’s customers. More so, the distribution of Charis sachet products have a direct relationship with sales turnover it enjoys.
          A negative response to any of these points will indicate that there is deviation from what should normally obtain. The desire to find out if any of such problem exist, their cause effect and what may be done to resolve such problems are the reasons for undertaking this research work.
1.4       OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
In consonance with the macro objective to determine the effectiveness of physical distribution of Charis product in Enugu metropolis, this research has some objective which includes;
To study the physical distribution activities of Charis sachet water in Enugu and try to find out if these activities are well performed as expected.
Analyzing the present physical distribution system with the aims to accessing its level of efficiency is another point.
To determine the nature of the market; if it diffused, concentrated or dusted.
To also determines the extent to which the distribution of Charis dates with the sale being made.
1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is important to study the effectiveness of physical distribution because without distribution companies cannot make sales.
The old buying in marketing was, that when you produce the product the whole world will bit a part to your door. In the modern time, it dose not apply because the place utilizing must be incorporated. This means that in addition to producing the best product, the customers must be communicated and they may want it delivered at a given time, place and form and such it the function of physical distribution.
Non- durable products such as Charis sachet water have to be supplied as at when needed. Any short fall in performance will reduce the level of customer service.
Thus it become important to study the physical distribution system and benefit from this effective they are and uncover and defects inherent within the system and then recommend measures to reduce or eliminate these defects.
Furthermore, it is expected that findings of this study will help the management and distribution of this company in improving their business activities. Customers will also benefit from this efficient physical distribution in that Charis product which will be made more ready available to them at all time.
1.6       RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The research question for this work will be base on the following.
What is the size of demand for Charis waters? Are customers satisfied with the present level of physical distribution service of Charis?
Does Charis has enough distribution outlet to satisfy the customers. What is the distribution objective of Charis? What presentation of market is Charis serving? What is the type of Channel structure used by Charis? Is it from the produceto the customers or with the use of intermediaries? Does the distribution strategy questionnaire regular and fulfill the issue of time lines is it effective in terms of cost and distribution objectives.
1.7       STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
THIS WORK IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING HYPOTHESIS:
1.           H0: Charis water has very wide demand in Enugu metropolis.
Hi: Charis water dose not have wide demand in Enugu metropolis
2.           H0: Charis water are distributed to every point where they are needed at the right time and quantity.
Hi: Charis water are not distributed to every point where they are needed at the right time and quantity.
3.           H0: Customers are satisfied with the present level of physical distribution service they receive.
H1: Customers are not satisfied with the present level present level of physical distribution service they receive.
1.8       DEFINITION OF TERMS
TRANSPORTATION: Is the movement of goods from the point pf production to the point of sale.
STORING:- Is the marketing function of holding goods. It provides time utility.
INVENTORY: Is the amount of goods being stored.
PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION: The transportation and sorting of the goods.
WAREHOUSING:- Is a place for load and unloading of products both in the central stores and the depot of Charis waters.
COMMUNICATION:- It is the process by which information is passed by a previously accepted symbol.
CONTACT:- The searching out and communication with prospective buyers.